There is now strong evidence of progressive neuropathological processes in bipolar
disorder (BD). On this basis, the current understanding of the neurobiology of BD has shifted …

Lithium has been and continues to be the mainstay of bipolar disorder (BD)
pharmacotherapy for acute mood episodes, switch prevention, prophylactic treatment, and …

BACKGROUND: Current research and hypothesis regarding the pathophysiology of bipolar
disorder suggests the involvement of immune system dysfunction that is possibly related to …

In the past 15 years numerous reports provided strong evidence that brain-derived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most important modulators of glutamatergic and …

Gigante AD, Bond DJ, Lafer B, Lam RW, Young LT, Yatham LN. Brain glutamate levels
measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with bipolar disorder: a meta …

Recent evidence suggests that peripheral markers related to oxidative stress, inflammation
and neurotrophins may be altered during mood episodes in bipolar disorder. These can be …

The cognitive impairment and neuroanatomical changes that takes place among patients
with bipolar disorder (BD) patients has been well described. Recent data suggest that …

The etiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is still poorly understood, involving genetic and
epigenetic mechanisms as well as environmental contributions. This study aimed to …

Depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder affecting a huge percentage of the active
population especially in developed countries. Research has devoted much of its attention to …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most widely distributed neurotrophin in the
CNS, where it plays several pivotal roles in synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. As a …