The biology of CRISPR-Cas: backward and forward

F Hille, H Richter, SP Wong, M Bratovič, S Ressel… - Cell, 2018 - cell.com
In bacteria and archaea, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
(CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins constitute an adaptive immune system …

CRISPR-mediated adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea

R Sorek, CM Lawrence… - Annual review of …, 2013 - annualreviews.org
Effective clearance of an infection requires that the immune system rapidly detects and
neutralizes invading parasites while strictly avoiding self-antigens that would result in …

Quorum sensing controls the Pseudomonas aeruginosa CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune system

NM Høyland-Kroghsbo, J Paczkowski… - Proceedings of the …, 2017 - National Acad Sciences
CRISPR-Cas are prokaryotic adaptive immune systems that provide protection against
bacteriophage (phage) and other parasites. Little is known about how CRISPR-Cas systems …

Evolutionary ecology of prokaryotic immune mechanisms

S van Houte, A Buckling, ER Westra - Microbiology and Molecular …, 2016 - Am Soc Microbiol
Bacteria have a range of distinct immune strategies that provide protection against
bacteriophage (phage) infections. While much has been learned about the mechanism of …

[HTML][HTML] Parasite exposure drives selective evolution of constitutive versus inducible defense

ER Westra, S van Houte, S Oyesiku-Blakemore… - Current biology, 2015 - cell.com
In the face of infectious disease, organisms evolved a range of defense mechanisms, with a
clear distinction between those that are constitutive (always active) and those that are …

The discovery, mechanisms, and evolutionary impact of anti-CRISPRs

AL Borges, AR Davidson… - Annual review of …, 2017 - annualreviews.org
Bacteria and archaea use CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems to defend themselves
from infection by bacteriophages (phages). These RNA-guided nucleases are powerful …

In vitro reconstitution of Cascade‐mediated CRISPR immunity in Streptococcus thermophilus

T Sinkunas, G Gasiunas, SP Waghmare… - The EMBO …, 2013 - embopress.org
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐encoded immunity in
Type I systems relies on the Cascade (CRISPR‐associated complex for antiviral defence) …

Anti-CRISPR-associated proteins are crucial repressors of anti-CRISPR transcription

SY Stanley, AL Borges, KH Chen, DL Swaney… - Cell, 2019 - cell.com
Phages express anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins to inhibit CRISPR-Cas systems that would
otherwise destroy their genomes. Most acr genes are located adjacent to anti-CRISPR …

Harnessing CRISPR–Cas systems for bacterial genome editing

K Selle, R Barrangou - Trends in microbiology, 2015 - cell.com
Manipulation of genomic sequences facilitates the identification and characterization of key
genetic determinants in the investigation of biological processes. Genome editing via …

Function and regulation of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated (Cas) systems

C Richter, JT Chang, PC Fineran - Viruses, 2012 - mdpi.com
Phages are the most abundant biological entities on earth and pose a constant challenge to
their bacterial hosts. Thus, bacteria have evolved numerous 'innate'mechanisms of defense …