Abstract Purpose of Review Substantial advancements have been made in the cause,
diagnosis, imaging, and treatment options available for patients with lumbar disc herniation …

Purpose To present the pathophysiology, biology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and
current treatment options for lumbar disc herniation. Methods A thorough literature search …

Introduction Endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) is a minimally invasive surgical technique that
offers comparable efficacy and safety with less collateral damage compared to conventional …

Study Design: Systematic review. Objective: The authors aimed to systematically compare
the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic discectomy (ED) with non-endoscopic …

To evaluate the learning curve of percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar
discectomy (PETLD) from the novice stage to the proficient stage, we performed …

Objective The purpose of this study is to characterize the learning curve of endoscopic
lumbar decompression based on peri-and postoperative parameters and to suggest the …

Purpose. The objective of this study was to investigate the preliminary effectiveness of
percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (PE‐TLIF) for the …

Objective To develop and validate a nomogram useful in predicting recurrent lumbar disk
herniation (rLDH) within 6 months after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy …

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of unilateral biportal endoscopy/biportal
endoscopic spinal surgery (UBE/BESS) via the posterior approach with those of interlaminar …

Purpose Lumbar spine surgery is associated with significant postoperative pain. The
benefits of erector spinae plane blocks (ESPBs) combined with multimodal analgesia has …