In most cases, multiple sclerosis (MS) begins with a relapsing-remitting course followed by
insidious disability worsening that is independent from clinically apparent relapses and is …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease triggered by environmental factors that act
on a genetically susceptible host. It features three clinical stages: a pre-clinical stage …

There are over 15 disease-modifying drugs that have been approved over the last 20 years
for the treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), but there are limited …

A growing need exists for reliable in-vivo measurement of neuroinflammation to better
characterise the inflammatory processes underlying various diseases and to inform the …

Microglia originate from myeloid progenitors in the embryonic yolk sac and play an integral
role in central nervous system (CNS) development, immune surveillance and repair. The …

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether microglial activity, measured
using translocator-protein positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, is increased in …

Overactivation of microglia is associated with most neurodegenerative diseases. In this
study we examined whether PET-measurable innate immune cell activation predicts multiple …

Chronic active lesions (CAL) are an important manifestation of chronic inflammation in
multiple sclerosis (MS) and have implications for non-relapsing biological progression. In …

Using a philosophical approach or deductive reasoning, we challenge the dominant clinico-
radiological worldview that defines multiple sclerosis (MS) as a focal inflammatory disease …

Objective In multiple sclerosis (MS), using simultaneous magnetic resonance–positron
emission tomography (MR‐PET) imaging with 11C‐PBR28, we quantified expression of the …