Fish coloration, evolved from selection and adaptation, is a prominent feature of remarkable
aquaculture merits. Fish possess more pigment cell types than any other vertebrates and are …

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is characterized by the association of pigmentation
abnormalities, including depigmented patches of the skin and hair, vivid blue eyes or …

Cichlid fishes are famous for large, diverse and replicated adaptive radiations in the Great
Lakes of East Africa. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying cichlid …

Vertebrate pigment patterns are diverse and fascinating adult traits that allow animals to
recognize conspecifics, attract mates, and avoid predators. Pigment patterns in fish are …

The reaction–diffusion system is one of the most studied nonlinear mechanisms that
generate spatially periodic structures autonomous. On the basis of many mathematical …

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is now the pre-eminent vertebrate model system for clarification
of the roles of specific genes and signaling pathways in development. The zebrafish …

Colour patterns are prominent features of many animals and have important functions in
communication, such as camouflage, kin recognition and mate choice. As targets for natural …

Vertebrate pigment patterns are both beautiful and fascinating. In mammals and birds,
pigment patterns are likely to reflect the spatial regulation of melanocyte physiology, via …

How social aggregations arise and persist is central to our understanding of evolution,
behavior, and psychology [1–3]. When social groups arise within a species, evolutionary …

Pigment cells enable fish to change their coloration. It has been recognized that fish color
changes can be divided into two categories; one is a physiological color change, which is …