The size and arrangement of fibres play a determinate role in the kinetic and energetic
performance of muscles. Extrapolations between fibre architecture and performance …

The anatomy and functions of muscle–tendon complexes and their bony attachments in
birds and their outgroups show how the major pelvic limb muscle groups evolved. Fossils …

Vertebrate palaeontology is a lively field, with new discoveries reported every week... and
not only dinosaurs! This new edition reflects the international scope of vertebrate …

Femoral osteology and soft tissues evolved in a stepwise pattern in archosauromorph
reptiles on the line to crown group birds. Crocodylia retains most ancestral archosaurian …

In this article, we develop a new reconstruction of the pelvic and hindlimb muscles of the
large theropod dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex. Our new reconstruction relies primarily on …

This work serves as a compendium of anatomical resources upon which a companion
phylogenetic analysis of Aves and related Theropoda (Avialae) was based. Following a brief …

Muscle moment arms are important determinants of muscle function; however, it is
challenging to determine moment arms by inspecting bone specimens alone, as muscles …

Bipedal locomotion evolved along the archosaurian lineage to birds, shifting from “hip-
based” to “knee-based” mechanisms. However, the roles of individual muscles in these …

It is accepted that non-avian theropod dinosaurs, with their long muscular tails and small
forelimbs, had a centre-of-mass close to the hip, while extant birds, with their reduced tails …

Triassic archosaurs and stem-archosaurs show a remarkable disparity in their ankle and
pelvis morphologies. However, the implications of these different morphologies for specific …