The recognition that all macroorganisms live in symbiotic association with microbial
communities has opened up a new field in biology. Animals, plants, and algae are now …

Marine sponges (phylum Porifera) often contain dense and diverse microbial communities,
which can constitute up to 35% of the sponge biomass. The genome of one sponge …

Many marine sponges harbour dense and diverse microbial communities of considerable
ecological and biotechnological importance. While the past decade has seen tremendous …

Coral reefs across the world have been seriously degraded and have a bleak future in
response to predicted global warming and ocean acidification (OA). However, this is not the …

Marine sponges are able to process a variety of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P),
and silicon (Si) dissolved compounds, in addition to the particulate C, N, and P obtained …

Marine heat waves (MHWs) are extended periods of excessively warm water 1 that are
increasing in frequency, duration, intensity, and impact, and they likely represent a greater …

Climate change is threatening tropical reefs across the world, with most scientists agreeing
that the current changes in climate conditions are occurring at a much faster rate than in the …

ABSTRACT A paradigm shift has recently transformed the field of biological science;
molecular advances have revealed how fundamentally important microorganisms are to …

Commensalisms, interactions between two species in which one species benefits and the
other experiences no net effect, are frequently mentioned in the ecological literature but are …

Sponges are functionally important components of global benthic environments and have
been proposed as potential winners under future climate scenarios. We review the evidence …