A 485-million-year history of Earth's surface temperature

EJ Judd, JE Tierney, DJ Lunt, IP Montañez, BT Huber… - science, 2024 - science.org
A long-term record of global mean surface temperature (GMST) provides critical insight into
the dynamical limits of Earth's climate and the complex feedbacks between temperature and …

Enhanced clay formation key in sustaining the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum

AJ Krause, A Sluijs, R Van der Ploeg, TM Lenton… - Nature …, 2023 - nature.com
Abstract The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (around 40 million years ago) was a roughly
400,000-year-long global warming phase associated with an increase in atmospheric CO2 …

Toward a Cenozoic history of atmospheric CO2

Cenozoic CO2 Proxy Integration Project (CenCO2PIP) … - Science, 2023 - science.org
The geological record encodes the relationship between climate and atmospheric carbon
dioxide (CO2) over long and short timescales, as well as potential drivers of evolutionary …

The Cretaceous world: plate tectonics, palaeogeography and palaeoclimate

CR Scotese, C Vérard, L Burgener… - Geological Society …, 2025 - lyellcollection.org
The tectonics, geography and climate of the Cretaceous world were very different from the
modern world. At the start of the Cretaceous, the supercontinent of Pangaea had just begun …

Cretaceous climates: Map** paleo-Köppen climatic zones using a Bayesian statistical analysis of lithologic, paleontologic, and geochemical proxies

L Burgener, E Hyland, BJ Reich, C Scotese - Palaeogeography …, 2023 - Elsevier
Abstract The Cretaceous Period (145 to 66 Ma) was a prolonged warmhouse to hothouse
period characterized by high atmospheric CO 2 conditions, elevated surface temperatures …

Global and zonal‐mean hydrological response to early Eocene warmth

MJ Cramwinckel, NJ Burls, AA Fahad… - Paleoceanography …, 2023 - Wiley Online Library
Earth's hydrological cycle is expected to intensify in response to global warming, with a “wet‐
gets‐wetter, dry‐gets‐drier” response anticipated over the ocean. Subtropical regions (∼ …

Paleoclimate data provide constraints on climate models' large-scale response to past CO2 changes

DJ Lunt, BL Otto-Bliesner, C Brierley… - … Earth & Environment, 2024 - nature.com
The paleoclimate record provides a test-bed in which climate models can be evaluated
under conditions of substantial CO2 change; however, these data are typically under-used …

Climate variability, heat distribution, and polar amplification in the warm unipolar “icehouse” of the Oligocene

DKLL Jenny, T Reichgelt, CL O'Brien, X Liu… - Climate of the …, 2024 - cp.copernicus.org
The Oligocene (33.9–23.03 Ma) had warm climates with flattened meridional temperature
gradients, while Antarctica retained a significant cryosphere. These may pose imperfect …

Global vegetation zonation and terrestrial climate of the warm Early Eocene

N Thompson, U Salzmann, DK Hutchinson… - Earth-Science …, 2024 - Elsevier
The early Eocene is a key geological time interval to further our understanding of climate
change and biosphere variability under high atmospheric CO 2 concentrations of more than …

Late Cenozoic cooling restructured global marine plankton communities

A Woodhouse, A Swain, WF Fagan, AJ Fraass… - Nature, 2023 - nature.com
The geographic ranges of marine organisms, including planktonic foraminifera, diatoms,
dinoflagellates, copepods and fish, are shifting polewards owing to anthropogenic climate …