Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are universal enzymes of organisms that live in the
presence of oxygen. They catalyze the conversion of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss
of motor neurons from the brain and spinal cord. The ALS community has made remarkable …

Ischemic disorders, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease,
are the most common causes of debilitating disease and death in westernized cultures. The …

Superoxide, O2•−, is formed in all living organisms that come in contact with air, and,
depending upon its biological context, it may act as a signaling agent, a toxic species, or a …

Up to 50% of cancer patients suffer from a progressive atrophy of adipose tissue and
skeletal muscle, called cachexia, resulting in weight loss, a reduced quality of life, and a …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a worldwide public health problem associated with
serious complications and increased mortality rates. Accumulating evidence indicates that …

The early observations on the rate-of-living theory by Max Rubner and the report by
Gershman that oxygen free radicals exist in vivo culminated in the seminal proposal in the …

Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify them …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules that are naturally
produced within biological systems. Research has focused extensively on revealing the …

The brain is a metabolically active organ exhibiting high oxygen consumption and robust
production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The large amounts of ROS are kept in check …