The review provides a comprehensive update (previous report: Chen R, Cros D, Curra A, Di
Lazzaro V, Lefaucheur JP, Magistris MR, et al. The clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial …

The combination of pharmacology and transcranial magnetic stimulation to study the effects
of drugs on TMS-evoked EMG responses (pharmaco-TMS-EMG) has considerably improved …

This review presents the neurophysiologic principles and clinical applications of transcranial
magnetic stimulation (TMS) and other related techniques of noninvasive cortical stimulation …

These guidelines provide an up-date of previous IFCN report on “Non-invasive electrical
and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: basic principles and procedures …

The goal of this paper is to examine existing methods to study the “Human Brain
Connectome” with a specific focus on the neurophysiological ones. In recent years, a new …

Noninvasive brain stimulation methods, such as transcranial electric stimulation and
transcranial magnetic stimulation are widely used tools for both basic research and clinical …

GABAB-receptor (GABABR) mediated inhibition is important in regulating neuronal
excitability. The paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocol of long …

Recent studies have highlighted variability in response to theta burst stimulation (TBS) in
humans. TBS paradigm was originally developed in rodents to mimic gamma bursts coupled …

Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography
(TMS–EEG) is a method for studying cortical inhibition from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex …

Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique
capable of increasing cortical excitability beyond the stimulation period. Due to the rapid …