Plant pathogens are one of the main factors hindering the breeding of cash crops.
Pathogens, including oomycetes, fungus, and bacteria, secrete effectors as invasion …

Colletotrichum fructicola causes a broad range of plant diseases worldwide and secretes
many candidate proteinous effectors during infection, but it remains largely unknown …

The obligate biotrophic fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, which causes yellow (stripe)
rust disease, is among the leading biological agents resulting in tremendous yield losses on …

Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), remains a constant threat to wheat
production worldwide. Deployment of race-specific leaf rust (Lr) resistance genes in wheat …

As a kind of obligate biotrophic fungus, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) secretes vast
effectors via haustoria to host cells during the infection to inhibit host defense responses and …

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), stands out as one of the most
devastating epidemics impacting wheat production worldwide. Resistant wheat varieties had …

Ca2+ plays a crucial role as a secondary messenger in plant development and response to
abiotic/biotic stressors. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs/CPKs) are essential …

Tinea cruris, a dermatophyte fungal infection predominantly caused by Trichophyton rubrum
and Epidermophyton floccosum, primarily affects the groin, pubic region, and adjacent thigh …

Trichoderma uses different molecules to establish communication during its interactions with
other organisms, such as effector proteins. Effectors modulate plant physiology to colonize …

Fungal pathogens pose significant threats to plant health by secreting effectors that
manipulate plant-host defences. However, identifying effector proteins remains challenging …