Highlights•ABCC2-and ABCC3-based Cry1 resistance was extended to several Lepidoptera
species.•ABCG modulates cuticle thickness in Culex pipiens and contributes to deltamethrin …

Three‐domain Cry toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are increasingly
used in agriculture to replace chemical insecticides in pest control. Most chemical …

Abstract Background Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea are major caterpillar pests
of Old and New World agriculture, respectively. Both, particularly H. armigera, are extremely …

The recent accumulation of molecular studies on mutations in insects, ticks and mites
conferring resistance to insecticides, acaricides and biopesticides is reviewed. Resistance is …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, a large class of transmembrane proteins, are
widely found in organisms and play an important role in the transport of xenobiotics. Insect …

Insecticidal crystal toxins derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are
widely used as biopesticide sprays or expressed in transgenic crops to control insect pests …

Extensive use of chemical pesticides poses a great threat to the environment and food
safety. The discovery of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins with effective insecticidal activity …

Insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are used as active
components of biopesticides and as plant incorporated protectants in transgenic crops. One …

Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the most damaging insect
pests globally, causing estimated global economic losses of over 3 billion US dollars …

Cadherins have been identified as receptors of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1A toxins in
several lepidopteran insects including the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera …