Hygroscopic properties of wood have been utilized in adaptive façades to respond to
variation in humidity levels. Shape-shifting materials have been developed to replace …

Purpose Conventional motion mechanisms in adaptive skins require rigid kinematic
mechanical systems that require sensors and actuation devices, hence impeding the …

This paper exploits the hygroscopic properties of wood and its passive response to
fluctuation of relative humidity to develop a framework for programmable actuation in …

This paper exploits passive responsive actuators as a passive approach for adaptive
façades. The study encodes the embedded hygroscopic parameters of wood through 4D …

Adaptive facades require complex mechanical systems to control their motion.
Programmable materials are increasingly replacing mechanical systems through encoding …

This paper develops a framework that exploits effect of infill height design variation of 4D-
printed wood in adaptive facades on daylight performance according to LEED_V4 criteria …

Solar rays reaching the indoor environment through the transparent components of the
building envelope can adversely affect the energy performance of buildings. Operational …

Shape-changing material systems are advantageous as passively actuated mechanisms for
generating movement, with architectural applications ranging from adaptive building skins to …