A global compilation of glacier advances and retreats for the past two millennia grouped by
17 regions (excluding Antarctica) highlights the nature of glacier fluctuations during the late …

As the planet cooled from peak warmth in the early Cenozoic, extensive Northern
Hemisphere ice sheets developed by 2.6 Ma ago, leading to changes in the circulation of …

Tree-ring dating (dendrochronology) is a method of scientific dating based on the analysis of
tree-ring growth patterns. As author James Speer notes, trees are remarkable bioindicators …

Understanding the timings of interhemispheric climate changes during the Holocene, along
with their causes, remains a major problem of climate science. Here, we present a high …

Understanding of past climatic variability over the Tibetan Plateau is still limited because of
the lack of long-term climatic records. Here we reconstruct the mean summer (June–August) …

We summarize evidence of the latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacier fluctuations in the
Canadian Cordillera. Our review focuses primarily on studies completed after 1988, when …

This review summarizes forefield and lacustrine records of glacier fluctuations in Alaska
during the Holocene. Following retreat from latest Pleistocene advances, valley glaciers with …

Abstract Understanding how El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) responds to natural
variability is of key importance for future climate projections under a warming climate …

Alpine glacier fluctuations provide important paleoclimate proxies where other records such
as ice cores, tree rings, and speleothems are not available. About 20 years have passed …

We document accelerating invasion of woody vegetation into wetlands on the western Kenai
Peninsula lowlands. Historical aerial photography for 11 wetland sites showed that …