The aim of this ESC Guideline is to help health professionals manage people with heart
failure (HF) according to the best available evidence. Fortunately, we now have a wealth of …

After the publication of the revised edition, therapeutic drugs described in “Future Treatment”
were approved and important evidence for pharmacologic therapy and nonpharmacologic …

Abstract Document Reviewers: Rudolf A. de Boer (CPG Review Coordinator)(Netherlands),
P. Christian Schulze (CPG Review Coordinator)(Germany), Magdy Abdelhamid (Egypt) …

Heart failure and related morbidity and mortality are increasing at an alarming rate, in large
part, because of increases in aging, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. The clinical outcomes …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for incident heart failure and increases the risk of
morbidity and mortality in patients with established disease. Secular trends in the …

There is a close relationship between diabetes mellitus and heart failure, and diabetes is an
independent risk factor for heart failure. Diabetes and heart failure are linked by not only the …

Background: Clinicians and patients need updated evidence on the comparative
effectiveness and safety of diabetes medications to make informed treatment choices …

Elevated levels of diastolic BP and especially systolic BP (SBP) are major risk factors for the
development of HF. 18, 19 One of the most impactful observations from the Framingham …

Background: Recent changes to the US Food and Drug Administration boxed warning for
metformin will increase its use in persons with historical contraindications or precautions …

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) mainly refers to myocardial metabolic dysfunction caused
by high glucose, and hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for cardiac function in the …