Aposematic theory has historically predicted that predators should select for warning signals
to converge on a single form, as a result of frequency‐dependent learning. However …

Research into Heliconius butterflies has made a significant contribution to evolutionary
biology. Here, we review our understanding of the diversification of these butterflies …

Positive frequency-dependent selection (FDS) is a selection regime where the fitness of a
phenotype increases with its frequency, and it is thought to underlie important adaptive …

Deals with all aspects of adaptive resemblance Full colour Covers everything from classic
examples of Batesian, Mullerian, aggressive and sexual mimicries through to human …

Aposematic organisms couple conspicuous warning signals with a secondary defense to
deter predators from attacking. Novel signals of aposematic prey are expected to be …

Species coexistence involves the evolution of reproductive barriers opposing gene flow.
Heliconius butterflies display colorful patterns affecting mate choice and survival through …

Mimicry is one of the best-studied examples of adaptation, and recent studies have provided
new insights into the role of mimicry in speciation and diversification. Classical Müllerian …

Toxic Heliconius butterflies have yellow hindwing bars that–unlike those of their closest
relatives–reflect ultraviolet (UV) and long wavelength light, and also fluoresce. The pigment …

Mimetic resemblance is extensive across the tree of life yet agreeing on what constitutes
mimicry is challenging. One of the reasons for disagreement is a lack of unambiguous …

Adaptive coloration is under conflicting selection pressures: choosing potential mates and
warning signaling against visually guided predators. Different elements of the color signal …