Applying a high voltage to a liquid passing through a capillary disintegrates the liquid
meniscus to generate a fine spray of charged droplets. As the droplets evaporate, polar …

Proteins adopt different higher-order structures (HOS) to enable their unique biological
functions. Understanding the complexities of protein higher-order structures and dynamics …

Solution-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) is
a widespread tool for structural analysis across academia and the biopharmaceutical …

Amyloid fibrils, which are closely associated with various neurodegenerative diseases, are
the final products in many protein aggregation pathways. The identification of fibrils at low …

Hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry (MS) has become a key technique
for monitoring structural and dynamic aspects of proteins in solution. This approach relies on …

From Levinthal to pathways to funnels Page 1 © 1997 Nature Publishing Group http://www.nature.com/nsmb
perspective From Levinthal to pathways to funnels Ken A. Dill and Hue Sun Chan A new …

General principles of protein structure, stability, and folding kinetics have recently been
explored in computer simulations of simple exact lattice models. These models represent …

Hydrogen exchange coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) has become a valuable analytical
tool for the study of protein dynamics. By combining information about protein dynamics with …

The mechanism of protein folding (represented schematically below) is one of the most
fascinating problems in the field of chemical reactions. This review presents the progess …

The basic principles underlying the electrospray process are reviewed without recourse to
detailed discussion of mechanisms. The essential features of the practical implementation of …