Background To date, standardising clinical predictive biomarkers for assessing the response
to immunotherapy remains challenging due to variations in personal genetic signatures …

Chronic antigen stimulation is thought to generate dysfunctional CD8 T cells. Here, we
identify a CD8 T cell subset in the bone marrow tumor microenvironment that, despite an …

MALAT1, one of the few highly conserved nuclear long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), is
abundantly expressed in normal tissues. Previously, targeted inactivation and genetic …

Normal cell and body functions need to be maintained and protected against endogenous
and exogenous stress conditions. Different cellular stress response pathways have evolved …

M2‐polarized tumor‐associated macrophages (M2 TAMs) promote cancer progression.
Exosomes mediate cellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However …

The interaction of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family member CD27 on naive
CD8+ T (Tn) cells with homotrimeric CD70 on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is necessary …

During a microbial infection, responding CD8+ T cells give rise to effector cells that provide
acute host defense and memory cells that provide sustained protection. An alternative …

Proper activation of cytotoxic T cells via the T cell receptor and the costimulatory receptor
CD28 is essential for adaptive immunity against viruses, intracellular bacteria, and cancers …

The expression of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cell
(PBMC) and its clinical relevance in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely …

Lymphoid cells play a critical role in the immune system, which includes three subgroups of
T, B, and NK cells. Recognition of the complexity of the human genetics transcriptome in …