Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) of humans is caused by two lentiviruses,
human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Here, we describe the …

This review examines the enormous progress that has been made in the past decade in
understanding the origin of HIV, HIV genetic variability, and the impact of global HIV diversity …

Neurological involvement in HIV is often associated with cognitive impairment. Although
severe and progressive neurocognitive impairment has become rare in HIV clinics in the era …

HIV-1 is transmitted by sexual contact across mucosal surfaces, by maternal-infant
exposure, and by percutaneous inoculation. For reasons that are still incompletely …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) remain
among the most common disorders in people infected with HIV, even in an era when potent …

Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy that have revolutionized HIV disease
management, effective control of the HIV infection pandemic remains elusive. Beyond the …

HIV-associated central nervous system (CNS) injury continues to be clinically significant in
the modern era of HIV infection and therapy. A substantial proportion of patients with …

HIV can infect the brain and impair central nervous system (CNS) function. Combination
antiretroviral therapy (cART) has not eradicated CNS complications. HIV-associated …

With the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy AIDS dementia complex or HIV-
associated dementia, as it was termed later, largely disappeared in clinical practice …

Prevention and treatment of HAND requires strategies aimed at suppressing CNS HIV
replication and effects of systemic and CNS inflammation in aging and substance-abusing …