A new scientific frontier opened in 2009 with the start of operations of the world's first x-ray
free-electron laser (FEL), the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), at SLAC National …

Free-electron lasers and high-harmonic-generation table-top systems are new sources of
extreme-ultraviolet to hard X-ray photons, providing ultrashort pulses that are intense …

This report presents the conceptual design of a new European research infrastructure
EuPRAXIA. The concept has been established over the last four years in a unique …

Since the invention of the laser more than 50 years ago, scientists have striven to achieve
amplification on atomic transitions of increasingly shorter wavelength,,,,,,. The introduction of …

X-ray free-electron lasers enable the investigation of the structure and dynamics of diverse
systems, including atoms, molecules, nanocrystals and single bioparticles, under extreme …

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) provide femtosecond X-ray pulses with a narrow energy
bandwidth and unprecedented brightness. Ultrafast physical and chemical dynamics …

X-ray free-electron lasers provide unique opportunities for exploring ultrafast dynamics and
for imaging the structures of complex systems. Understanding the response of individual …

This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The
aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the …

Fully coherent, soft X-ray attosecond pulses are now available through high-order harmonic
generation (HHG); however, the output energy is insufficient for various applications, such …

We will ask and partly answer a few questions. What is the difference between a laser and a
light bulb? In which frequency ranges are lasers available? Which are the sizes and the …