Gram-negative bacteria shed extracellular outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) during their
normal growth both in vitro and in vivo. OMVs are spherical, bilayered membrane …

Abstract Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMV) have received increased attention in recent years
as a vaccine platform against bacterial pathogens. OMV from Neisseria meningitidis …

Gram-negative bacteria actively secrete outer membrane vesicles, spherical nano-meter-
sized proteolipids enriched with outer membrane proteins, to the surroundings. Outer …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, are released by different
cell types and participate in physiological and pathophysiological processes. EVs mediate …

Synthetic nanoparticles coated with cellular membranes have been increasingly explored to
harness natural cell functions toward the development of novel therapeutic strategies …

Like mammalian cells, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria release nano-sized
membrane vesicles into the extracellular environment either in a constitutive manner or in a …

This review provides an updated perspective on rapidly proliferating efforts to harness
extracellular vesicles (EVs) for therapeutic applications. We summarize current knowledge …

It is known that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are shed from cells of almost every type of cell or
organism, showing their ubiquity in all empires of life. EVs are defined as naturally released …

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) have emerged as novel and promising platforms for
the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutic strategies against infectious and …

Several vaccines have been introduced to combat the coronavirus infectious disease‐2019
(COVID‐19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS …