Starch is the most widespread and abundant storage carbohydrate in plants. We depend
upon starch for our nutrition, exploit its unique properties in industry, and use it as a …

Plastids and mitochondria each arose from a single endosymbiotic event and share many
similarities in how they were reduced and integrated with their host. However, the …

Photosynthesis evolved in eukaryotes by the endosymbiosis of a cyanobacterium, the future
plastid, within a heterotrophic host. This primary endosymbiosis occurred in the ancestor of …

Handbook of microalgal culture: biotechnology and applied phycology Handbook of Microalgal
Culture Page 2 Handbook of Microalgal Culture: Biotechnology and Applied Phycology Edited …

Determining the subcellular localization of a protein is an important first step toward
understanding its function. Here, we describe the properties of three well-known N-terminal …

One of the most pervasive challenges in molecular phylogenetics is the incongruence
between phylogenies obtained using different data sets, such as individual genes. To …

As more complete genomes are sequenced, phylogenetic analysis is entering a new era—
that of phylogenomics. One branch of this expanding field aims to reconstruct the …

The history of long‐branch attraction, and in particular methods suggested to detect and
avoid the artifact to date, is reviewed. Methods suggested to avoid LBA‐artifacts include …

Chloroplasts were once free-living cyanobacteria that became endosymbionts, but the
genomes of contemporary plastids encode only≈ 5–10% as many genes as those of their …

The colonization of land by eukaryotes probably was facilitated by a partnership (symbiosis)
between a photosynthesizing organism (phototroph) and a fungus. However, the time when …