A framework for the qualitative representation of positional information in a two-dimensional
space is presented. Qualitative representations use discrete quantity spaces, where a …

Despite two decades of research in moving object databases and a few research prototypes
that have been proposed, there is not yet a mainstream system targeted for industrial use. In …

For a long time topological relationships between spatial objects have been a focus of
research in a number of disciplines like artificial intelligence, cognitive science, linguistics …

An increasing number of applications rely on 3D geoinformation. In addition to 3D geometry,
these applications particularly require complex semantic information. In the context of spatial …

From environmental management to land planning and geo-marketing, the number of
application domains that may greatly benefit from using data enriched with spatio-temporal …

Building information modeling (BIM) has been increasingly used for design coordination,
and clash detection is one important application. However, some studies argued that BIM …

This standard establishes a common architecture and defines terms to use within the
architecture. This standard does not attempt to standardize and does not depend upon any …

The optional Introduction is an informal description of the content of the standard. It should
enable a new reader to evaluate whether the standard is relevant for a given purpose or not …

In spatial data models for various applications, such as geographical information systems
(GISs), the importance of topological relations is widely recognized. Topology makes very …

Large amounts of geospatial data have been made available recently on the linked open
data cloud and on the portals of many national cartographic agencies (eg, OpenStreetMap …