The pinhole effect is commonly used to discriminate uncorrected refractive error from ocular
diseases. A small aperture limits the width of light beams entering the eye, thus increasing …

Methods.: Healthy subjects underwent ophthalmic examinations including uncorrected
distance visual acuity (UDVA) and corrected near visual acuity (CNVA), pupil size, depth of …

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of pupil size on visual acuity after KAMRA inlay
(AcuFocus, Inc., Irvine, CA) implantation. METHODS: Five hundred eighty-four presbyopic …

Introduction. Trial rigid lens fitting is considered the best approach to determine whether the
correction of residual defocus and irregular astigmatism might improve the visual acuity in …

Multiple-pinhole (MPH) glasses are currently sold in many countries with unproven
advertisements; however, their objective and subjective effects have not been investigated …

Background Adjustment of the ocular accommodative system is an important phenomenon
allowing for optimal vision at different distances. Aim The study compared the refractive …

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a recurrent inflammatory disorder which affects the
anterior ocular structures of pre-pubertal children resulting in preventable vision loss …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is known as the leading cause of vision loss
among elderly. Since AMD is a progressive disease, an earlier diagnosis of the signs and …

Aim: Aim of this study was to investigate for a relationship between pupillary oscillations
(PO) and blinking rate (B) in various vision deprived states such as in refractive errors …

Purpose: Providing vision correction in communities where healthcare facilities are
unavailable is problematic. Here, we explore the possibility of using pinholes as near visual …