This review covers, in a comprehensive manner, the approaches available in the literature to
upscale soil water processes and hydraulic parameters in the vadose zone. We distinguish …

Preferential flow, a major influence in unsaturated soil and rock almost everywhere, occurs
by multiple phenomenologically distinct hydraulic processes. For the mode known as …

One‐dimensional transport models that predict field‐scale averaged solute fluxes are often
used to estimate the risk of nonpoint source groundwater contamination by widespread …

Intermediate-scale laboratory experiments on heterogeneous porous media have been
increasingly used for the study of saturated and unsaturated ground water systems. While …

Variations in the degree of anisotropy in soil hydraulic conductivity with changes in water
saturation (Se) may adversely impact predictability of flow and transport processes. The …

The anisotropy in unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is saturation dependent. Yet, there are
few options for modeling this phenomenon in natural soils. A tensorial connectivity–tortuosity …

A portion of water not consumed by crops during flood irrigation can flow back across the
surface or through the subsurface to adjacent surface water bodies and streams as return …

We used time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and time‐domain reflectometry
(TDR) probes to noninvasively capture three‐dimensional solute transport during four tracer …

Flood irrigation is globally one of the most used irrigation methods. Typically, not all water
that is applied during flood irrigation is consumed by plants or lost to evaporation. Return …

Plume dilution and reactive mixing can be considerably enhanced by helical flows occurring
in three-dimensional anisotropic porous media. In this study, we perform conservative and …