Protein kinases are major players in various signal transduction pathways. Understanding
the molecular mechanisms behind plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses has …

Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the
world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress …

Herbivorous insects use diverse feeding strategies to obtain nutrients from their host plants.
Rather than acting as passive victims in these interactions, plants respond to herbivory with …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are highly conserved signaling modules
downstream of receptors/sensors that transduce extracellular stimuli into intracellular …

Eukaryotic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades have evolved to transduce
environmental and developmental signals into adaptive and programmed responses. MAPK …

As sessile organisms, plants have developed specific mechanisms that allow them to rapidly
perceive and respond to stresses in the environment. Among the evolutionarily conserved …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules play key roles in the transduction of
environmental and developmental signals through phosphorylation of downstream signaling …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are endogenously produced by several plant organelles
and compartments, particularly those with high electron transport rates, such as chloroplasts …

Plants confront multifarious environmental stresses widely divided into abiotic and biotic
stresses, of which heavy metal stress represents one of the most damaging abiotic stresses …

The sensing of stress signals and their transduction into appropriate responses is crucial for
the adaptation and survival of plants. Kinase cascades of the mitogen-activated protein …