Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are abundant in tumor tissues, raising a question of whether
immunosuppressive tumor-infiltrating Tregs (TI-Tregs) can be selectively depleted or …

T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells represent a distinct lineage of cells of the adaptive immune system
indispensable for forestalling fatal autoimmune and inflammatory pathologies. The role of …

Cancer development is closely associated with immunosuppressive tumor
microenvironment (TME) that attenuates antitumor immune responses and promotes tumor …

Having a hypoxic microenvironment is a common and salient feature of most solid tumors.
Hypoxia has a profound effect on the biological behavior and malignant phenotype of …

Targeted immunotherapy has improved patient survival in head and neck squamous cell
carcinoma (HNSCC), but less than 20% of patients produce a durable response to these …

CD8+ T cells are critical for elimination of cancer cells. Factors within the tumor
microenvironment (TME) can drive these cells to a hypofunctional state known as …

Increasing evidence indicates that immunotherapy is hindered by a hostile tumor
microenvironment (TME) featured with deprivation of critical nutrients and pooling of …

Purines and their derivatives, most notably adenosine and ATP, are the key molecules
controlling intracellular energy homoeostasis and nucleotide synthesis. Besides, these …

Natural killer (NK) cells, which are innate lymphocytes endowed with potent cytotoxic
activity, have recently attracted attention as potential anticancer therapeutics. While NK cells …