Iron is an essential element for virtually all cell types due to its role in energy metabolism,
nucleic acid synthesis and cell proliferation. Nevertheless, if free, iron induces cellular and …

Trace metals such as iron, copper, zinc and manganese play essential roles in various
biological processes in fish, including development, energy metabolism and immune …

Nutritional immunity regulates the homeostasis of micronutrients such as iron, manganese,
and zinc at the systemic and cellular levels, preventing the invading microorganisms from …

Heavy metal ions pollution can cause damage to human body through food, so the
development of a new kind of macromolecular that can remove heavy metal ions damage …

Ferritin can be widely used as functional nanomaterial. But the physiological activity of
ferritin can be damaged under excessive temperatures, which affect the self-assembly …

Iron deprivation is a nutritional immunity mechanism through which fish can limit the amount
of iron available to invading bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulation of …

Eleginops maclovinus is a eurythermic fish that under natural conditions lives in
environments with temperatures ranging from 4 to 18° C and can be usually captured near …

The innate immune system can limit the growth of invading pathogens by depleting
micronutrients at a cellular and tissue level. However, it is not known whether nutrient …

Fluctuations in ambient temperature along with the presence of pathogenic microorganisms
can induce important cellular changes that alter the homeostasis of ectothermic fish. The aim …

The aquaculture industry has many problems associated with bacteria, viruses, and
parasites, and the stress caused by these infections can modulate the physiological …