The Geozoic encompasses the 3.6 Ga interval in Earth history when life has existed. Over
this time, life has diversified from exclusively tiny, single-celled organisms to include large …

To better predict the ecological and evolutionary effects of the emerging biodiversity crisis in
the modern oceans, we compared the association between extinction threat and ecological …

Early Triassic animal body fossils and trace fossils are small relative to those in older and
younger intervals. Size decreases sharply through the end-Permian extinction event and …

The Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/Pg) mass extinction has long been viewed as a pivotal event in
mammalian evolutionary history, in which the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs allowed …

A diverse array of fossil, geochemical and sedimentary data shows patterns of major change
at or near the Eocene–Oligocene boundary, indicating a period of fundamental climatic and …

Scale and hierarchy must be incorporated into any conceptual framework for the study of
macroevolution, ie evolution above the species level. Expansion of temporal and spatial …

Following the end-Devonian mass extinction (359 million years ago), vertebrates
experienced persistent reductions in body size for at least 36 million years. Global shrinkage …

The 'Lilliput Effect'represents a pronounced reduction in the size of the biota associated with
the aftermath of mass extinctions. Although there is empirical evidence that suggests that it …

Biological factors, such as abundance and body size, may contribute directly to extinction
risk and indirectly through their influence on other biological characteristics, such as …

Larger body size has long been assumed to correlate with greater risk of extinction, hel**
to shape body-size distributions across the tree of life, but a lack of comprehensive size data …