The “biological pump” is the process by which photosynthetically-produced organic matter in
the ocean descends from the surface layer to depth by a combination of sinking particles …

Microbial activity is a fundamental component of oceanic nutrient cycles. Photosynthetic
microbes, collectively termed phytoplankton, are responsible for the vast majority of primary …

The abyssal ocean circulation is a key component of the global meridional overturning
circulation, cycling heat, carbon, oxygen and nutrients throughout the world ocean,. The …

The Southern Ocean plays a critical role in regulating global climate as a major sink for
atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and in global ocean biogeochemistry by supplying …

The circulation of the Southern Ocean connects ocean basins, links the deep and shallow
layers of the ocean, and has a strong influence on global ocean circulation, climate …

Abstract The Southern Ocean, although relatively understudied owing to its harsh
environment and geographical isolation, has been shown to contribute substantially to …

Climate change is expected to elicit widespread alterations to nutrient and light supply,
which interact to influence phytoplankton growth and their seasonal cycles. Using 25 years …

Global climate and the atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide () are correlated over
recent glacial cycles, with lower during ice ages, but the causes of the changes are …

Climate change projections to the year 2100 may miss physical-biogeochemical feedbacks
that emerge later from the cumulative effects of climate warming. In a coupled climate …

The availability of iron limits primary productivity and the associated uptake of carbon over
large areas of the ocean. Iron thus plays an important role in the carbon cycle, and changes …