Chemical reaction networks that transform out-of-equilibrium 'fuel'to 'waste'are the engines
that power the biomolecular machinery of the cell. Inspired by such systems, autonomous …

Protein film electrochemistry (PFE) has given unrivalled insight into the properties of redox
proteins and many electron-transferring enzymes, allowing investigations of otherwise ill …

Arginine, one among the 20 most common natural amino acids, has a pivotal role in cellular
physiology as it is being involved in numerous cellular metabolic and signaling pathways …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are first responders of the innate immune system that integrate signals
from external stimuli to direct context-specific immune responses. Current models suggest …

Living cells harvest energy from their environments to drive the chemical processes that
enable life. We introduce a minimal system that operates at similar protein concentrations …

Artificial organelles are compartmentalized nanoreactors, in which enzymes or enzyme‐
mimic catalysts exhibit cascade catalytic activities to mimic the functions of natural …

Cellular metabolism has emerged as a major biological node governing cellular behaviour.
Metabolic pathways fuel cellular energy needs, providing basic chemical molecules to …

Our understanding of cells has progressed rapidly in recent years, mainly because of
technological advances. Modern technology now allows us to observe molecular processes …

Integrated catalysis is an emerging methodology that can streamline the multi-step synthesis
of complicated products in a single reaction vessel, achieving a high degree of control and …

Background Spatial compartmentalization of metabolic pathways within membrane-
separated organelles is key to the ability of eukaryotic cells to precisely regulate their …