Robust evidence exists that certain extreme weather and climate events, especially daily
temperature and precipitation extremes, have changed in regard to intensity and frequency …

Climate change is driving changes in the physical and chemical properties of the ocean that
have consequences for marine ecosystems. Here, we review evidence for the responses of …

Marine phytoplankton and zooplankton form the basis of the ocean's food-web, yet the
impacts of climate change on their biodiversity are poorly understood. Here, we use an …

Time series now have sufficient duration to determine harmful algal bloom (HAB) responses
to changing climate conditions, including warming, stratification intensity, freshwater inputs …

BACKGROUND Climate change impacts have now been documented across every
ecosystem on Earth, despite an average warming of only~ 1° C so far. Here, we describe the …

Poleward and upward shifts are the most frequent types of range shifts that have been
reported in response to contemporary climate change. However, the number of reports …

Abstract Characterization of species diversity of zooplankton is key to understanding,
assessing, and predicting the function and future of pelagic ecosystems throughout the …

Quantitative imaging instruments produce a large number of images of plankton and marine
snow, acquired in a controlled manner, from which the visual characteristics of individual …

Marine planktonic eukaryotes play critical roles in global biogeochemical cycles and climate.
However, their poor representation in culture collections limits our understanding of the …

Microalgal blooms are a natural part of the seasonal cycle of photosynthetic organisms in
marine ecosystems. They are key components of the structure and dynamics of the oceans …