Directional migration is an important component of cell motility. Although the basic
mechanisms of random cell movement are well characterized, no single model explains the …

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a critical phospholipid constituent in eukaryotic cell membranes,
which accounts for 1À4% of the total lipid. 1 This lipophilic glycerophospholipid has a …

Endocytosis, phagocytosis, and macropinocytosis are fundamental processes that enable
cells to sample their environment, eliminate pathogens and apoptotic bodies, and regulate …

Phospholipase D is a ubiquitous class of enzymes that generates phosphatidic acid as an
intracellular signaling species. The phospholipase D superfamily plays a central role in a …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are messengers that carry information in the form of proteins,
lipids, and nucleic acids and are not only essential for intercellular communication but also …

Abstract Phospholipases (PLC, PLD and PLA) are essential mediators of intracellular and
intercellular signalling. They can function as phospholipid-hydrolysing enzymes that can …

Among the cellular lipids, phosphatidic acid (PA) is a peculiar one as it is at the same time a
key building block of phospholipid synthesis and a major lipid second messenger conveying …

The small GTPase Rac1 plays important roles in many processes, including cytoskeletal
reorganization, cell migration, cell‐cycle progression and gene expression. The initiation of …

Phospholipase D (PLD) is a phosphatidyl choline (PC)-hydrolyzing enzyme that generates
phosphatidic acid (PA), a lipid second messenger that modulates diverse intracellular …

Acute lung injury (ALI) attributable to sepsis or mechanical ventilation and subacute lung
injury because of ionizing radiation (RILI) share profound increases in vascular permeability …