The course of pupillary constriction and dilation provides an easy-to-access, inexpensive,
and noninvasive readout of brain activity. We propose a new taxonomy of factors affecting …

This guide describes best practices in using eye tracking technology for research in a variety
of disciplines. A basic outline of the anatomy and physiology of the eyes and of eye …

Cognitive pupillometry is the measurement of pupil size to investigate cognitive processes
such as attention, mental effort, working memory, and many others. Currently, there is no …

Pupillometry has been one of the most widely used response systems in psychophysiology.
Changes in pupil size can reflect diverse cognitive and emotional states, ranging from …

A variety of psychological and physical phenomena elicit variations in the diameter of pupil
of the eye. Changes in pupil size are mediated by the relative activation of the sphincter …

The pupillary light response is an important automatic physiological response which
optimizes light reaching the retina. Recent work has shown that the pupil also adjusts in …

The number of research groups studying the pupil is increasing, as is the number of
publications. Consequently, new standards in pupillography are needed to formalize the …

Pupil size is a widely used metric of brain state. It is one of the few signals originating from
the brain that can be readily monitored with low-cost devices in basic science, clinical, and …

Listening effort is a valuable and important notion to measure because it is among the
primary complaints of people with hearing loss. It is tempting and intuitive to accept speech …

Eye-tracking is widely used throughout the scientific community, from vision science and
psycholinguistics to marketing and human-computer interaction. Surprisingly, there is little …