Since its early commercial deployment in the late 1980s, optical fiber has evolved to become
the predominant carrier of the globe's communications. Yet, after accommodating the world's …

Polarization mode dispersion (PMD), a potentially limiting impairment in high-speed long-
distance fiber-optic communication systems, refers to the distortion of propagating optical …

We have made continual, multiple-day measurements of the polarization dependent loss of
multiple C-band channels in an installed 1800 km terrestrial link. The PDLs of individual …

Quantum networks require robust quantum channels for fast and reliable entanglement
distribution over long distances. As quantum communication technology matures, it moves …

We present 18 months of field observations on the state-of-polarization (SOP) and
polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) on three routes monitored using deployed coherent 40 …

Polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) still remains a challenge for high-data-rate optical-
communication systems. Practical solutions are desirable for PMD emulation, monitoring …

Modeling of the polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) temporal changes in long fiber routes
represents a critical aspect of system outage characterization. In this paper, an analysis of …

Publisher Summary The growth of technology led to limiting impairments like loss, chromatic
dispersion, and non-linearities. Their solution made fiber optics the universal transmission …

We discuss a generalized waveplate hinge model to characterize anisotropic effects
associated with the hinge model of polarization-mode dispersion in installed systems. In this …

The properties of the waveplate hinge model of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) are
studied in detail, and its statistics are compared to those of the traditional hinge model based …