Microfluidics describes the study of systems that operate fluids at miniature scales, often in
microchannels. It is powerful in scaling down biological experiments by many orders of …

The liquid biopsy has garnered considerable attention as a complementary clinical tool for
the early detection, molecular characterization and monitoring of cancer over the past …

Genetically engineered microbes, especially Escherichia coli, have been widely used in the
biosynthesis of proteins and metabolites for medical and industrial applications. As a …

The efficient detection of cancer markers has faced many challenges, such as severe
interference, complicated and time-consuming operation, low sensitivity and so on. In this …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are double-layered lipid membrane vesicles released by cells.
Currently, EVs are attracting a lot of attention in the biological and medical fields due to their …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipidic particles packed with proteins, DNA, messenger
RNA and microRNAs of their cell of origin that act as critical players in cell–cell …

Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by most cells with contents such as primitive cell
proteins, lipids, and RNAs, which play a key role in cell communication and could be …

Numerous innovative nanoparticle formulations of drugs and biologics, named nano-
formulations, have been developed in the last two decades. However, methods for their …

Biomarkers are relevant indicators of the physiological state of an individual. Although
biomarkers can be found in diseased tissue and different biofluids, sampling from blood …

Cellular phenotypic and functional heterogeneities have advanced cancer evolution and
treatment resistance. Although exosome‐bound proteins reflect cellular functions, single …