The first matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) was discovered in 1962 from the tail of a tadpole by
its ability to degrade collagen. As their name suggests, matrix metalloproteinases are …

Obesity is a nutritional disorder resulting from a chronic imbalance between energy intake
and expenditure. This disease is characterized by inflammation in multiple cell types …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial immune cells for tissue repair and regeneration.
However, their potential as a cell-based regenerative therapy is not yet fully understood …

Induction of ferroptosis can inhibit cancer cells in vitro, however, the role of ferroptosis in
treatment in vivo is controversial. The immunosuppressive cells activated by the ferroptotic …

The bioactivity of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is
not well understood in the current immunotherapy era. We found that IFN-γ has an …

In 2018, the pan-Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor tofacitinib was launched for the treatment of
ulcerative colitis (UC). Although tofacitinib has proven efficacious in patients with active UC …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the
breakdown of immune tolerance leading to excessive inflammation and tissue damage …

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that
occurs in about half of patients. LN is characterized by glomerular deposition of immune …

Macrophages are multifunctional immune cells whose functions depend on polarizable
phenotypes and the microenvironment. Macrophages have two phenotypes, including the …

Background Indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is responsible for tumor immune
escape by regulating T cell-associated immune responses and promoting the activation of …