Abstract High molecular weight (106–3× 107 Da) polyacrylamide (PAM) is commonly used
as a flocculant in water and wastewater treatment, as a soil conditioner, and as a viscosity …

Shale gas extraction via horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (HF) has enhanced gas
production worldwide, which has altered global energy markets and reduced the prices of …

There is considerable debate about the sustainability of the hydraulic fracturing (HF) water
cycle in North America. Recently, this debate has expanded to China, where HF activities …

After successful implementation for more than 6 decades by the oil and gas industry,
hydraulic fracturing remains the pioneer well stimulation method to date. Polymers are one …

Deep and ultra-deep reservoirs have gradually become the primary focus of hydrocarbon
exploration as a result of a series of significant discoveries in deep hydrocarbon exploration …

Water-soluble synthetic polymers (WSPs) are distinct from insoluble plastic particles, which
are both critical components of synthetic polymers. In the history of human-made …

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing (HF), or “fracking,” is the driving force behind the “shale gas
revolution,” completely transforming the United States energy industry over the last two …

Anionic polyacrylamide (A-PAM) is widely used as a flocculant in the management of oil
sands tailings. Nevertheless, apprehensions arise regarding its potential biodegradation …

In this study, a biosurfactant-producing strain Y2 was isolated from hydraulic fracturing
flowback and produced water (HF-FPW) and identified as Acinetobacter sp. The …

Synthetic polymers have been one of the defining environmental topics of the last decade.
Synthetic polymers in the environment are usually classified by their size. They encompass …