Our understanding of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is rapidly expanding beyond T cell-
centric perspectives to include B cells and plasma cells, collectively referred to as TIL-Bs. In …

Humoral immune responses at mucosal surfaces have historically focused on IgA. Growing
evidence highlights the complexity of IgA-inducing pathways and the functional impact of IgA …

RNA vaccines are efficient preventive measures to combat the severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. High levels of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 …

Protective humoral memory forms in secondary lymphoid organs where B cells undergo
affinity maturation and differentiation into memory or plasma cells. Here, we provide a …

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines were highly effective against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2
strain, but the efficacy of bivalent mRNA boosters against XBB variants was substantially …

B cells are important in the pathogenesis of many, and perhaps all, immune-mediated
diseases. Each B cell expresses a single B cell receptor (BCR), and the diverse range of …

Memory B cells persist for a lifetime and rapidly differentiate into antibody-producing
plasmablasts and plasma cells upon antigen re-encounter. The clonal relationship and …

IgG3 comprises only a minor fraction of IgG and has remained relatively understudied until
recent years. Key physiochemical characteristics of IgG3 include an elongated hinge region …

Deep sequencing of B cell receptor (BCR) heavy chains from a cohort of 31 COVID-19
patients from the UK reveals a stereotypical naive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 which …

Antibody memory protects humans from many diseases. Protective antibody memory
responses require activation of transcriptional programs, cell proliferation, and production of …