The rapid advancement of information technology (IT) has given rise to a new era of efficient
and fast communication and transactions. However, the increasing adoption of and reliance …

Graphical passwords have emerged as an alternative to traditional alphanumeric
passwords, offering potentially better memorability. However, they are often vulnerable to …

In the global environment privacy and security issues were critical to handle the huge
number of participants. Many security-based research works have been undertaken in the …

With the increase in the number of e-services, there is a sharp increase in online financial
transactions these days. These services require a strong authentication scheme to validate …

Authentication procedures are employed to verify and validate user's identification on
various smart devices and a variety of digital apps. Alphanumeric and Personal Identification …

An era in which transactions and communication are quick and easy owing to fast-growing
IT technology has commenced nowadays. Because of the extensive use of IT and its wide …

Young children routinely authenticate themselves with alphanumeric passwords but are
probably not ready to use such passwords due to their emerging literacy and immaturity …

As digital ecosystems burgeon, the imperative to fortify user authentication methods
intensifies. This paper introduces a novel two-factor authentication system designed to …

With the rapid growth of smartphone shipments, it has become a necessity to safeguard the
mobile devices from unauthorized access (eg, in case of stolen or lost). To complement …

In the digital information era, the authenticity of news media is crucial for sha** public
opinion and maintaining social stability. The verification of authenticity, especially in news …