Ecological systems can often be characterised by changes among a finite set of underlying
states pertaining to individuals, populations, communities or entire ecosystems through time …

Conventional agri-environmental schemes (AES) have been criticized for failing to exploit
conservation synergies that could be obtained from spatial coordination of conservation …

Models have made numerous contributions to evolutionary biology, but misunderstandings
persist regarding their purpose. By formally testing the logic of verbal hypotheses, proof-of …

Natural systems are declining at an unparalleled rate. To prompt conservation of
ecosystems, the IUCN has developed a framework to assess ecosystem threat. By 2025, the …

A scientific understanding of the biological world arises when ideas about how nature works
are formalized, tested, refined, and then tested again. Although the benefits of feedback …

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In the last few decades, microbial inoculants have been used as organic fertilizers
worldwide. Among the most widely used commercial products are arbuscular mycorrhizal …

According to a recent survey, ecologists and evolutionary biologists feel that theoretical and
empirical research should coexist in a tight feedback loop but believe that the two domains …

There is a growing concern that many important ecosystems, such as coral reefs and tropical
rain forests, might be at risk of sudden collapse as a result of human disturbance. At the …

Research in limnology is nurtured by the work of many fascinating and passionate women,
who have contributed enormously to our understanding of inland waters. Female …