BACKGROUND Conformational changes are essential for the correct functioning of
biological macromolecules. Time-resolved x-ray crystallography extends an extremely …

Biological membranes are tricky to investigate. They are complex in terms of molecular
composition and structure, functional over a wide range of time scales, and characterized by …

BACKGROUND To understand material properties and functionality at the most fundamental
level, one must know the three-dimensional (3D) positions of atoms with high precision. For …

Visualizing chemical reactions as they occur requires atomic spatial and femtosecond
temporal resolution. Here, we report imaging of the molecular structure of acetylene (C2H2) …

The development and application of the free-electron X-ray laser (XFEL) to structure and
dynamics in biology since its inception in 2009 are reviewed. The research opportunities …

X-ray free-electron lasers provide femtosecond-duration pulses of hard X-rays with a peak
brightness approximately one billion times greater than is available at synchrotron radiation …

Crystallography and quantum mechanics have always been tightly connected because
reliable quantum mechanical models are needed to determine crystal structures. Due to this …

Due to their short wavelength, X-rays can in principle be focused down to a few nanometres
and below. At the same time, it is this short wavelength that puts stringent requirements on X …

We report a method for serial X-ray crystallography at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs),
which allows for full use of the current 120-Hz repetition rate of the Linear Coherent Light …

The European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (FEL) became the first operational high-repetition-
rate hard X-ray FEL with first lasing in May 2017. Biological structure determination has …