Despite being globally pervasive, racism, xenophobia, and discrimination are not universally
recognised determinants of health. We challenge widespread beliefs related to the …

The long-term consequences of exposure to excess stress, particularly during sensitive
developmental windows, on the initiation and progression of many complex, common …

Although individuals born at extremely low birth weight (ELBW;< 1,000 g) are the most
vulnerable of all preterm survivors, their risk for mental health problems across the life span …

Low birthweight, a marker of an adverse in utero environment, is associated with
cardiometabolic disease and brain disorders in adulthood. The adaptive changes made by …

An adverse foetal environment is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular,
metabolic, neuroendocrine and psychological disorders in adulthood. Exposure to stress …

Stress activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which then modulates the
degree of adaptation and response to a later stressor. It is known that early-life stress can …

Stress and stress-related health impairments are major problems in human life and
elucidating the biological pathways linking stress and disease is of substantial importance …

Maternal distress during pregnancy increases plasma levels of cortisol and corticotrophin
releasing hormone in the mother and foetus. These may contribute to insulin resistance and …

Whether one is male or female is one of the most important determinants of human health.
While males are more susceptible to cardiovascular and infectious disease, they are …

Cumulative acute psychosocial stress is thought to promote the development of a range of
disorders which suggests that biomarkers for the physiological response may become …