Eye‐tracking data from reading provide a structured signal with a fine‐grained temporal
resolution which closely follows the sequential structure of the text. It is highly correlated with …

Most research in the area of automatic essay grading (AEG) is geared towards scoring the
essay holistically while there has also been some work done on scoring individual essay …

In this study, we introduce and evaluate a novel extractive text summarization methodology,“
SummarEyes,” based on the visual interaction of the user with the text, using eye-tracking …

Reading is a complex cognitive activity in many information retrieval related scenarios, such
as relevance judgement and question answering. There exists plenty of works which model …

Large language models built upon artificial intelligence (AI) hold great promises to innovate
automatic short answer scoring (ASAS)-significantly alleviating educators' workload in …

Gaze behaviour has been used as a way to gather cognitive information for a number of
years. In this paper, we discuss the use of gaze behaviour in solving different tasks in natural …

Sarcasm is a complex linguistic construct with incongruity at its very core. Detecting sarcasm
depends on the actual content spoken and tonality, facial expressions, the context of an …

The Eye Movements on Machine-Generated Texts Corpus (EMTeC) is a naturalistic eye-
movements-while-reading corpus of 107 native English speakers reading machine …

The gaze behaviour of a reader is helpful in solving several NLP tasks such as automatic
essay grading. However, collecting gaze behaviour from readers is costly in terms of time …

Advancements in Natural Language Processing (NLP), have led to the emergence of Large
Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT, Llama, Claude, and Gemini, which excel across a …