The ability of distinct anatomical circuits to generate multiple behavioral patterns is
widespread among vertebrate and invertebrate species. These multifunctional neuronal …

This review explores how proprioceptive sensory information is organized at spinal cord
levels as it relates to a sense of body position and movement. The topic is considered in an …

An electromyographic (EMG) activity pattern for individual muscles in the gait cycle exhibits
a great deal of intersubject, intermuscle and context‐dependent variability. Here we …

Previous findings from studies of demanding tasks in humans and slope walking in
quadrupeds suggest that human slope walking may require specialized neural control …

Human walking is remarkably adaptable on short and long timescales. We can immediately
transition between directions and gait patterns, and we can adaptively learn accurate …

Animals generate diverse motor behaviors, yet how the same motor neurons (MNs)
generate two distinct or antagonistic behaviors remains an open question. Here, we …

Objective: Current clinical biomechanics involves lengthy data acquisition and time-
consuming offline analyses with biomechanical models not operating in real-time for man …

This paper relates to the problem of the existence of muscle synergies, that is whether the
CNS command to muscles is simplified by controlling their activity in subgroups or …

Synergies are thought to be the building blocks of vertebrate movements. The inability to
execute synergies in properly timed and graded fashion precludes adequate functional …

We studied the changes of vertical contact forces, lower limb kinematics, and
electromyographic activity (EMG) at different speeds and gravitational loads. To this end …