Social categorization is a universal mechanism for making sense of a vast social world with
roots in perceptual, conceptual, and social systems. These systems emerge strikingly early …

Psychological essentialism is the idea that certain categories, such as 'lion'or 'female', have
an underlying reality that cannot be observed directly. Where does this idea come from …

Essentialism is the idea that certain categories, such as" dog,"" man," or" intelligence," have
an underlying reality or true nature that gives objects their identity. Where does this idea …

Being born a girl or a boy has implications that carry considerably beyond chromosomal,
hormonal, and genital differences. In this chapter, we consider the developmental processes …

Vigilance towards deception is investigated in 3-to-5-year-old children:(i) In Study 1, children
as young as 3 years of age prefer the testimony of a benevolent rather than of a malevolent …

What constitutes the development of a person? In moral philosophy,“personhood” is not
inherent in human existence but rather is contingent on the achievement of selfawareness …

People make social inferences without intentions, awareness, or effort, ie, spontaneously.
We review recent findings on spontaneous social inferences (especially traits, goals, and …

This study was designed to examine the effects of adults' labeling and use of social groups
on preschool children's intergroup attitudes. Children (N= 87, aged 3–5) attending day care …

Four studies examined whether Israeli 5‐year‐olds (N= 88) and adults (N= 48) drew
inferences about psychological properties based on a character's social category …

The present study examines mother-child conversations about gender, to examine (1)
children's essentialist beliefs about gender, and (2) the role of maternal input in fostering …