Mitochondria and fatty acids are tightly connected to a multiplicity of cellular processes that
go far beyond mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism. In line with this view, there is hardly any …

Although the structure of lipoic acid and its role in bacterial metabolism were clear over 50
years ago, it is only in the past decade that the pathways of biosynthesis of this universally …

The biosynthesis of surfactin has attracted broad interest; however, there is a bottleneck in
its low yield in wild strains and the ability to engineer Bacillus producers. Because the key …

The photorespiratory repair pathway (photorespiration in short) was set up from ancient
metabolic modules about three billion years ago in cyanobacteria, the later ancestors of …

Surfactin is a lipoheptapeptide produced by several Bacillus species and identified for the
first time in 1969. At first, the biosynthesis of this remarkable biosurfactant was described in …

Lipoic acid is an essential prosthetic group of four mitochondrial enzymes involved in the
oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, and branched chain amino acids and …

Two vitamins, biotin and lipoic acid, are essential in all three domains of life. Both
coenzymes function only when covalently attached to key metabolic enzymes. There they …

Sulfur is one of the most versatile elements in life due to its reactivity in different oxidation
and reduction states. In contrast to the assimilatory provision of sulfur-containing cell …

Surfactin has many biological activities, such as inhibiting plant diseases, resisting bacteria,
fungi, viruses, tumors, mycoplasma, anti-adhesion, etc. It has great application potential in …

Lipoyl cofactors are essential for living organisms and are produced by the insertion of two
sulfur atoms into the relatively unreactive C–H bonds of an octanoyl substrate. This reaction …