The light sensor of vertebrate scotopic (low-light) vision, rhodopsin, is a G-protein-coupled
receptor comprising a polypeptide chain with bound chromophore, 11-cis-retinal, that …

Many animals use vision to detect, discriminate, or recognize important objects such as prey,
predators, homes, or mates. These objects may differ in color and brightness—having …

Animal Eyes provides a comparative account of all known types of eye in the animal
kingdom, outlining their structure and function with an emphasis on the nature of the optical …

Throughout their lives animals must complete many tasks, including finding food, avoiding
predators, attracting mates, and navigating through a complex and dynamic environment …

Artificial lighting has been used to illuminate the nocturnal environment for centuries and
continues to expand with urbanization and economic development. Yet, the potential …

The world in color presents a dazzling dimension of phenotypic variation. Biological interest
in this variation has burgeoned, due to both increased means for quantifying spectral …

Sensory ecology investigates the information that underlies an animal's interactions with its
environment. A sensory ecology framework is used here to seek to assess why flying birds …

In craniates, opsin‐based photopigments expressed in the eye encode molecular 'light
sensors' that constitute the initial protein in photoreception and the activation of the …

Visual fields were determined in three bird species representative of families known to be
subject to high levels of mortality associated with power lines; kori bustards Ardeotis kori …

The avian retina possesses one of the most sophisticated cone photoreceptor systems
among vertebrates. Birds have five types of cones including four single cones, which support …