The limited fossil fuel supply toward carbon neutrality has driven tremendous efforts to
replace fuel vehicles by electric ones. The recycling of retired power batteries, a core energy …

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are a widely used energy storage technology as they possess
high energy density and are characterized by the reversible intercalation/deintercalation of …

With increasing the market share of electric vehicles (EVs), the rechargeable lithium-ion
batteries (LIBs) as the critical energy power sources have experienced rapid growth in the …

E-mobility, especially electric cars, has been scaling up rapidly because of technological
advances in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, LIBs degrade significantly with service life …

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) show high energy densities and are therefore used in a wide
range of applications: from portable electronics to stationary energy storage systems and …

The demand for lithium has skyrocketed in recent years primarily due to three international
treaties—Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement and UN Sustainable Development Goals—all of …

With the sudden increase in the number of retired power batteries, there is great pressure to
develop environmentally–friendly and efficient recycling technologies. The pyrometallurgy …

Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM)
batteries are the most widely used power lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles …

The market dynamics, and their impact on a future circular economy for lithium-ion batteries
(LIB), are presented in this roadmap, with safety as an integral consideration throughout the …

With the increasing production and marketing of global electric vehicles (EVs), a large
quantity of lithium ion battery (LIB) raw materials are demanded, and massive LIBs will be …