Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by long-term hyperglycaemia, which
leads to microangiopathy and macroangiopathy and ultimately increases the mortality of …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are bioproducts of cellular metabolism. There is a range of
molecules with oxidizing properties known as ROS. Despite those molecules being implied …

Inflammation of the human lung is mediated in response to different stimuli (eg, physical,
radioactive, infective, pro-allergenic or toxic) such as cigarette smoke and environmental …

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a compound involved in some mammalian reactions and
processes. It modulates and signals the redox metabolism of cells by acting as a messenger …

Despite being relatively new, laser-induced graphene (LIG) has undergone a number of
evolutionary practical leaps that have inspired a wide range of applications in the …

Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans. Hyperuricemia is a metabolic
disease caused by the increased formation or reduced excretion of serum uric acid (SUA) …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of aerobic respiration and signaling
molecules that control various cellular functions. Nrf2 governs the gene expression of …

Human xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a multiple-level regulated enzyme, resulting from
a complicated evolutionary process that assigned it many physiological roles. The main …

Malaria is a highly inflammatory and oxidative disease. The production of reactive oxygen
species by host phagocytes is an essential component of the host response to Plasmodium …

Over the last decade, a dual character of cell response to oxidative stress, eustress versus
distress, has become increasingly recognized. A growing body of evidence indicates that …